Our studies show that spikenard declines substantially when earthworms invade maple-basswood forests. Other species whose abundance declines with earthworm invasion include Spikenard (top)(Aralia racemosa), Large-flowered bellwort (middle) (Uvularia grandiflora) and Bloodroot (bottom) (Sanguinaria canadensis). Photo Credits: Dave Hansen, University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station