TABLE A-4. WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR DAIRY CATTLE
|
| Analysis |
Acceptable range* |
Effects/problems from high levels |
|
| pH |
6.0-8.0 |
Reduction in water intake. Very high pH waters (above 8.5) may cause alkalosis. |
|
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Soluble Salts (TSS)
Salinity |
0-1000 ppm |
Above 3000 ppm temporary diarrhea may occur.
High levels cause water refusal and persistent diarrhea. |
|
| Hardness |
0-120 ppm |
Generally no problems. |
| Iron |
0-3000 ppm |
Reduced intake-taste. |
| Nitrate nitrogen |
0-100 ppm |
See table 18. |
| Nitrite nitrogen |
0-10 ppm |
Reproductive problems with abortions at very high levels. |
|
| Sulfate |
0-500 ppm |
Reduced water intake, diarrhea. |
|
| Total bacteria |
0-1000/ml |
General health and dease problems. |
| Coliform bacteria |
0-50/100ml |
|
*ppm (parts per million) = 1 milligram/liter (mg/l); 1 grain = 17.1 ppm |
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