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TABLE 6. COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COLOSTRUM, WHOLE MILK AND RECONSTITUTED MILK REPLACER (1 LB POWDER + 7 LB WATER)
Item First
milking 		Second
milking 		Second
day 		Third
day 		Whole
milk 		Reconstituted
milk
replacer
Specific gravity, g/ml 1.056 1.040 1.034 1.033 1.032  
Total solids, % 23.9 17.9 14.0 13.6 12.9 12.5
Fat, % 6.7 5.4 4.1 4.3 4.0 2.5
Nonfat solids, % 16.7 12.2 9.6 9.5 8.8 11.25
Protein, % 14.0 8.4 4.6 4.1 3.1 2.8
Lactose, % 2.7 3.9 4.5 4.7 5.0 variable
Ash, % 1.1 1.0 .8 .8 .7 variable
Vitamin A, g/100 ml295.0 190.0 95.0 74.0 34.0   variable
Immunoglobulins, % 6.0 4.2 1.0 — — 0

Back: Comparing colostrum, transitional milk, milk and milk replacer

TABLE 7. PROTEIN SOURCES IN MILK REPLACERS
A. Optimum
       B. Good
       C. Inferior
Skim milk powder       Chemically modified soy protein       Meat solubles
Buttermilk powder       Soy concentrate       Fish protein concentrate
Dried whole whey       Soy isolates       Distillers' dried solubles
De-lactosed whey               Brewer's dried yeast
Casein               Oat flour
Milk albumin               Wheat flour

Back: Comparing colostrum, transitional milk, milk and milk replacer

TABLE 8. EXAMPLES OF SOME CALF STARTERS
Grain starters1
      1             2             3      
Ingredients (air dry basis)
  Corn (cracked or coarse ground), % 43.5 29.0 57.0
  Oats (rolled or crushed), % 28.0 20.0  
  Barley (rolled or coarse ground), %   20.0  
  Soybean meal, % 20.0 14.3 16.0
  Distillers grains, %   9.0  
  Alfalfa, %     20.0
  Molasses, % 5.0 5.0 5.0
  Dicalcium phosphate, % .7 .6 .9
  Limestone, % 1.7 1.8 .8
  TM salt and vitamins, % .3 .3 .3
Composition (DM basis)
  Crude protein, % 18.5 18.0 18.5
  TDN, % 82.0 81.5 81.4
  ADF, % 8.0 8.8 9.2
  Calcium, % .4 .9 .9
  Phosphorus, % .5 .5 .5
  Vitamin A, IU/lb 1500 1500 1500
  Vitamin D, IU/lb 500 500 500
  Vitamin E, IU/lb 11 11 11
1Hay may be offered free choice with starters 1 and 2.

Back: Starter rations

TABLE 9. HEIFER GRAIN GUIDELINES ACCORDING TO FORAGE QUALITY FOR 1.8 POUNDS PER DAY GAIN
Heifer weight
Forage Quality 200-400 500-700 800-1000 over 1000
  lb of grain/heifer/day
Legume-Grass
  Excellent 2-3 0 0 0
  Very good 3-4 1-2 1 0
  Fair 4-5 4-5 3-4 3-4
Grass
  Excellent 3-4 0-2 0 0
  Very good 4-5 2-3 2-3 2-3
  Fair 5-6 4-5 4-5 4-5

Back: Heifer Nutrition

TABLE 10. DESIRABLE WEIGHTS AND BODY CONDITION SCORES FOR DAIRY HEIFERS
Age in months Body Condition Score Brown Swiss or Holstein Ayrshire M. Shorthorn
or Guernsey		 Jersey
  lb
Birth   90 - 100 65 - 75 55 - 60
1   120 - 130 90 - 100 70 - 80
2 2.2 170 - 190 150 - 160 110 - 120
4 2.2 275 - 300 240 - 250 190 - 200
6 2.3 390 - 410 320 - 340 270 - 280
12 2.8 740 - 760 590 - 610 510 - 520
14* 3.0 800 - 850 670 - 690 570 - 600
18 3.2 1050 - 1100 850 - 870 750 - 775
22 3.5 1250 - 1300 1025 - 1075 900 - 950
*Breed heifers in this weight range. Heifers should weigh about 60% of their mature weight when bred. With proper feeding, heifers should reach these weights and have good skeletal growth at 14 to 16 months of age.

Back: Feeding program for heifers 1 to 2 years of age (to 2 months before parturition)


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