Txiv avpaum (apples) rau Menisxaustas thiab kev muab ua noj

	Emily Hoover, Extension Horticulturist, Department of Horticultural Science David Bedford, Horticultural Scientist, Department of Horticultural Science Doug Foulk, Extension Educator, Ramsey County
Chav Uas Ua Kom Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Tawv (Fruit Hardiness Zone) Chav no yog muab los ntawn USDA plant hardiness zone tiamsis ho tsis zoo ib yam nkaus li ntawd thiab.

Xaiv txiv avpaum (Apples)

Thaum koj xaiv txiv avpaum, xyuas kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawd cov tawv muaj xim zoo. Cov uas daim tawv liab liab tsis tseem ceeb npaum li qhov xim tom qab (background), qhov no thiaj li qhia tias lub txiv ntawd siav npaum li cas. Cov xim tom qab los yog background (tej thaj chaw uas tsis muaj tsos liab ntawm tej txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yeej yog tsos liab) yuav tsum yog tsos ntsuab daj tsim tsawv, qhov no qhia tau tias lawv de thaum lub txiv ntawd siav lawm. Lub txiv avpaum uas muaj tso ntsuab heev tom qab (background) txhais tau tias lawv de lub txiv ntawd thaum tseem tsis tau siav zoo, qhov no yuav ua rau lub txiv tsis qab pes tsawg, tiamsis lub txiv yuav tsis lwj sai. Cov txiv avpaum daj tsis muaj tso liab xyaw, yog li no nws yooj yim dua yog yus xav paub tias lub txiv siav lawm los tsis tau.

Cov txiv avpaum uas to lossis doog lawm yuav tsum tsis txhob siv li lossis muab siv ua ntej, vim tias koj yuav muab khaws cia ntev tsis tau. Yog tias daim tawv ntswv mentsis xwb tiamsis tseem ntsws tsis tau txog lub txiv, xws li ntsws li tsim tseb xwb no yuav tsis ua li cas rau lub txiv yog koj muab khaws cia ntev. Txawm tias txiv avpaum yeej tawv los tsis txhob ua tej yam kom lub txiv doog tau.

Muab Txiv Avpaum Khaws Cia

Kev uas txiv avpaum yuav kav ntev yog nyob ntawm seb kub thiab vaum npaum li cas xwb. Txiv avpaum yuav kav ntev tshaj, thiab yuav tsis lwj sai, yog tias koj muab cia rau qhov chaw kom kub txog li 32ºF. Yog koj muab txiv avpaum khaws cia rau hauv nkaslas (garages), hauv qab daus, thiab lwm qhov chaw tejzaum nws yuav zoo thiab, tiamsis qhov chaw zoo tshaj rau koj cia yog hauv lub txee txias los yog lub refrigerator. Yog muab cia rau qhov chaw sov ces txiv avpaum yeem tsis kav ntev xwb. Cov txiv avpaum uas muab cia rau qhov chaw sov txog li 32ºF yuav kav ntev 8 rau 10 npaug dua li ntawm cov uas muab cia rau tej hoob uas ua mov noj.

Tej fws yuav pab tau kom cov txiv avpaum tsis txhob qhuav.

Yog yuav muab khaws cia rau qhov chaw uas tsis muaj fws xws li hauv tej txee txias no, yuav tsum muab lub txiv ntawd qhwv ntaub yas lossis muab ntim cia. Yog tias koj muab cov txiv avpaum cia hauv tais nraum hoob ua mov noj, lub txiv avpaum yuav tsis kav ntev.

Txiv Avpaum Muaj Nqi Yog Hais Txog Kev Noj Mov Zoo

Txiv avpaum yeej peevxwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm koj kev ua zaub mov noj thiab kev noj mov zoo. Ib lub txiv avpaum muaj txog li 90 calories, thiab muaj mentsis vivtasmees xws li vivtamees A, vivtamees C, thiamine, riboflavin, Calcium, phosphorus, thiab potassium. Pectin thiab Fiber pab kom lub cev zom zaub mov zoo.

Txiv avpaum yuav pab tau kom tsis txhob qhis dej vim tias nws muaj kua dej txog li 85% diam. Nws kuj zoo noj txom ncauj vim tias qhov qab zib yuav pab tau kom yus muaj zog tuaj thiab yuav ua kom yus tsau plab.

Pes Tsawg Lub Txiv Avpaum

Ib phaus (pound) txiv avpaum ib yam li lossis npaum nkaus li = 2 lub loj, lossis 3 lub me, lossis 4 rau 5 lub me me heev; hos muaj txog li 3 khob yog muab tev tawv lawm thiab muab hlais ua tej txauj.ob phaus (pound) txiv avpaum = txaus ua ib lub phais (pie) ntev li cuaj-eej (nine-inch).Ib tawb (bushel) txiv avpaum muaj txog li = 40 phaus lossis 100 rau 120 lub txiv uas tsis tshua loj heev. Qhov no yuav txaus ua 20 lub phais (pie) uas ntev li cuaj-eej (nine-inch).

Muab Ntim Kaus Poom, Muab Cia Kom Khov, thiab Muab Txiv Avpaum Ziab Kom Qhuav

Yuav tsum siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas zoo xwb. Yog tias koj siv cov txiv avpaum ntawm koj tsob ntoo no, tsis txhob muab cov uas poob saum ntoo los lossis cov uas tsis zoo ntim cia hauv kaus poom, muab cia kom khov, lossis muab ziab kom qhuav. Yog tias koj mus yuav txiv avpaum tom khw no, xyuas kev qhia yus xaiv cov uas zoo tshaj ntawm Table 1 yog yuav coj los ua phais (pie) lossis ua kua (sauce).

Muab Txiv Avpaum Ntim Cia Hauv Kaus Poom (Canning Apples)

Yog yuav muab cov avpaum uas zom mos mos lawm (applesauce) ntim cia hauv kaus poom no—muab ntxuav, chais daim tawv tawm, hlais hauv nrub nrab thiab muab hlais ua tej txauj. Muab 1/2 khob dej thiab cov uas koj hlais ntawd rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub loj, muab rau hauv qhov cub kom ceev, muab do kom tsis txhob kub nyiab txog thaum uas muag muag lawm. Muab lub nias nias los nias kom mos mos, yog koj xav kom tseem ua tej thooj no koj hla kauj ruam (step) no los tau. Yog koj nyiam no muab 1/8 khob piam thaj rau 1 quart applesauce (lossis cov avpaum uas twb zom mosmos lawm). Rov muab rau hauv qhov cub kom npau npau, thiab muab ntim rau cov hwj uas ntim tej khoom kub, tseg li 1/2" saum hau. Muab tso rau hauv cov dej kub li 20 nasthis (yog pints) hos yog (quarts) no muab tso li 25 nasthis.

Yog yuav muab avpaum ntim hauv kaus poom ua phais (pie) no- muab chais tawv, muab hlais hauv nrub nrab, thiab muab hlais ua tej txauj. Yuav kom cov avpaum tsis txhob dub no, muab cov avpaum tso rau ib yam ntawm cov kua kom nws tsis txhob dub (anti-browning solutions) li tom qab no.

1. 1 nkesloos dej, uas muaj 6 pob 500-milligram ntsiav tshuaj uas muaj vivtamee C (3,000 mg/gal).
2. Cov tshuaj lawv muag uas yog ascorbic los yog citric acid product.

Tsis txhob muab cov avpaum uas twb muab hlais ua tej txauj tso dej tshaj li 15 nasthiv. Muab tso kua, tom qab ntawd muab cov avpaum hau kom ntev li 5 nasthis nrog kua pem thaj uas nyeem tsim tsawv. Tsis thas muab piam thaj rau los tau tiamsis yog muab piam thaj lossis kua piam thaj rau no yuav zoo thiab qab dua, cov xim los yuav zoo dua thiab yuav muag dua. Siv 1 pint kua piam thaj rau 5 phaus avpaum. Muab cov avpaum uas kub kub ntawd ntim rau cov fwj uas huv. Muab kua piam thaj lossis dej kub ncuav rau, tseg li 1/2" saum lub hau. Muab cov uas ntim ua tej pints lossis quarts tso li 25 nasthis hauv cov dej uas npau npau.

Yuav ua cov kua pem thaj uas nyeem tsim tsawv no, muab 2 khob piam thaj thiab 4 khob dej rau hauv lauj kaub thiab muab hau kom npau npau. Cia kom nws npau txog li 5 nasthis. Muab do yog yuav tsum tau do. Qhov no ua tau 5 khob kua piam thaj.

Yog yuav siv cov avpaum uas twb ntim cia hauv kaus poom lawm ua phais (pie) no, muab tso kua, ces muab sib to nrog piam thaj, tej khoom tsw qab, thiab tej yam uas ua kom nyeem li siab xav.

Muab Txiv Avpaum Cia Kom Khov

Muab txiv avpaum cia kom khov yuav ua rau cov avpaum muag, yog li yuav tsum siv cov uas tawv uas zoo ua phais (pie) (saib hauv Table 1). Muab cov txiv avpaum cia kom khov tom qab uas de tag kiag. Yog koj yeem cia cov txiv avpaum ntev tom qab uas de tag es mam muab cia kom khov ces yuav ua rau cov txiv avpaum dub thaum koj muab thau los. Cov avpaum uas koj cia kom khov yeej khov txog li ib xyoos los ntev tshaj ntawv yog koj muab lawv cia rau qhov chaw uas yog 0ºF.

Muaj peb txojkev qhia txog yuav muab txiv avpaum cia kom khov.

1. Muab chais tawv, thiab muab phua hauv nrub nrab thiab muab hlais ua tej txauj. Muaj cov tshuaj hu ua ascorbic acid powder muag tom khw uas koj siv tau kom cov txiv tsis txhob dub. Muab cov txiv ntim rau hauv kaus poom, muab kaw kom tsis txhob dim pa, muab ntawv los sau hnub rau thiab muab cia kom khov.
2. Muab chais tawv, muab phua hauv nrub nrab thiab muab hlais ua tej txauj. Muab tsau dej (muab ½ khob ntsev rau hauv 1 nkes loos dej) li 15 nasthis. Muab npo thiab ntim rau hauv thoob. Muab kua piam thaj los tso saum toj (saib cov lus qhia saud) nrog rau 1/2 dia (teaspoon) kua tshuaj (crystalline ascorbic acid) kom yaj. Cov kua tshuaj ntawd yuav pab kom cov txiv avpaum tsis txhob dub. Muab kaw kom tsis txhob dim pa, muab ntawv los sau hnub rau thiab muab cia kom khov.
3. Yog tias cov txiv avpaum ntawd yeej zoo thiab koj muaj chaw hauv koj lub txee txias, koj muab tej lub txiv avpaum los cia kom khov los tau. Muab ntxuav tiamsis tsis txhob muab tev tawv. Muab li 6 rau 8 lub txiv avpaum los ntim cia hauv ib lub hnab yas. Muab kaw kom tsis txhob dim pa, muab ntawv los sau hnub rau thiab muab cia kom khov.

Yog yuav siv cov txiv avpaum uas koj twb muab cia kom khov lawm los ua phais (pie) no, muab thau los kom yaj mentsis thiab muab si dej. Muab do xyaw piam thaj, tej khoom uas ntsim thiab tsw qab (spices), thiab tej yam uas ua kom nyeem. Siv cov khoom uas ua kom nyeem txawm tias koj ib txwm tsis siv cov khoom no kom cov phais (pie) nyeem. Cov avpaum uas twb cia khov lawm muaj kua ntau dua li cov uas tseem tshiab, li ntawv koj yuav tsum saib xyuas cov kua ntawv.

Thaum koj yuav siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kheej no, tsis txhob muab thau cia kom yaj tag tag. Tso dej txias los yaug tej lub txiv avpaum thiab muab tev tawv thaum uas lub txiv tseem kho. Muab siv sai li sai tau los ua phais (pie) lossis lwm yam khoom noj txom ncauj. Cov txiv avpaum kheej ntawd yuav dub sai yog tias koj muab thau kom yaj.

Yog yuav muab cov applesauce (cov avpaum uas twb raug zom lawm) cia kom khov no, muab ua raws li koj daim ntawv recipe uas koj nyiam tshaj. Muab cia kom txias thiab muab ntim rau hauv kaus poom, tseg li 3/4" saum toj. Muab kaw kom tsis txhob dim pa, muab ntawv los sau hnub rau thiab muab cia kom khov.

Muab Txiv Avpaum Cia Kom Qhuav

Muab ntxuav, muab tev tawv (yog tias koj nyiam), muab hlais hauv nrub nrab, thiab muab hlais ua tej txauj uas loj li 1/8" rau 1/4". Muab tsau nrog tej tshuaj/khoom uas ua kom cov txiv tsis txhob dub li twb qhia saud lawm. Thiab muab cov avpaum qhuav raws li kev qhia tom qhov chaw ua koj yuav los. Yog koj muab cia hauv qhov cub kom qhuav no, yuav tsis yooj yim rau koj tswj thiab yuav ua rau cov txiv ntawv tsis zoo pes tsawg, yog li no peb thiaj li tsis kom koj muab rau hauv qhov cub. Muab tej txauj uas qhuav ntawd ntim rau hauv lub kaus poom thiab muab vov kom tsis txhob dim pa.

Ua los ntawm Communication thiab Educational Technology Services, University of Minnesota Extension Service.

Ua raws li Americans with Disabilities Act, cov ntawv no muaj sau qhia ua lwm hom yog tias koj xav tau. Thov hu rau lub chaw kawm ntawv qib siab hauv koj lub county (University of Minnesota county extension office) lossis, yog nyob tawm hauv Menisxaustas no hu rau Extension Store ntawm (612) 625-8173.

Chaw kawm ntawv qib siab University of Minnesota Extension Service muaj lub hom phiaj kom txhua tus muaj vaj huam sib luag txog lawv tej kev pab, tej chaw (facilities), thiab kev ua haujlwm txawm tias koj yog neeg txawv, nqaij tawv txawv, kev ntseeg txawv, tuaj lwm lub tebchaws tuaj, yog pojniam lossis txiv neej, muaj hnub yoog li cas, muaj pojniam/txiv lawm los tsis tau, yog neeg tsis taus, yog neeg tau kev pab los ntawm luam, yog neeg tub rog, lossis yog hom neeg uas nyiam kev sib dee li cas li.

Cov lus no luam rau cov ntaub ntawv uas rov siv tau. Cov ntawv no nws tov nrog 10 feem pua cov khoom uas twb raug siv dhau los lawm, thiab ho muab cov kua mem (agribased) uas tsis ntshai tsam yuav ua li cas rau yus siv xwb.

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