Mature Plant

Description: Leafy spurge is a perennial that reproduces from both seeds and underground roots. The root system of leafy spurge is extensive and consists of numerous coarse and fine roots which occupy a large volume of soil. Roots are most abundant in the upper foot of soil; however, some roots can extend to a depth of 15 feet or more. The mature plant will reach a height of 2 to 3 feet. The stems are smooth, branched at the top, and contain a milky juice (latex). The leaves are bluishgreen, linear shaped, narrow (1/4 inch wide) with smooth margins, and are alternate. Leafy spurge produces a flat-topped cluster of yellowishgreen flower-like structures called bracts on which the true flowers are produced. Flowering occurs from June through August and seeds are produced from July to September. The seeds are borne in seed pods which are 3-lobed and contain 3 seeds. The seeds are gray-white to gray-brown, usually mottled or flecked with brown, 1/8 inch in length, smooth, and on one side there is a faint dark seam that runs the length of the seed.

Seed

Distribution: Leafy spurge grows primarily in pastures, waste areas, and along roadsides. Leafy spurge can be found throughout Minnesota. Heaviest infestations are found in the western half of the state and along most of the roadsides in Minnesota's metropolitan areas.